Taron Ki Sair |Quiz 05 /26 | Terrestrial planets (पथरीले ग्रह)

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A terrestrial planet, or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun.

Wikipedia

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There are four solar terrestrial ( Rocky) Planets. i.e, Mercury(बुध ),  Venus (शुक्र), Earth ( पृथ्वी) and Mars (मंगल ). Out of these,  Mercury(बुध ) is the smallest whereas Venus (शुक्र) is the hottest.

1. Mercury(बुध )

Planet Mercury is named after the Roman god of commerce, travel, and thievery. In Greek mythology, Mercury was known as Hermes, the messenger of the gods. It probably received this name because it moves very quickly across the sky.

Important Facts about Mercury

1. Mercury is the smallest Planet in the Solar System.
2. It is the closest Planet to the Sun.
3. Its is Second dense Planet.
4. It have No moons/Satellites.
5. Diameter of Mercury is 4880 Km.
6. Day time temperature is 400°C and Night Temperature is – 170 °C.
7. It is second hottest Planet
8. It’s one day i.e time between Sunrise to Sunrise is equal to its 2 days.

2. Venus (शुक्र)

Important Facts about Venus

1. Venus is second nearest planet to the Sun.
2. This planet is named after the Roman goddess of Love and beauty.
3. Venus is second brightest natural object in the sky after the Sun and the Moon.
4. It is also known as the Mourning Star and The Evening Star.
5. Its contraction and size is just similar to the Earth . So it is also known as Sister of the Earth.
6. Distance from the Sun 10.82 Crore Km and its Diameter is 12,103 Km.
7. Venus has gravity equal to 91% of Gravity of the Earth.
8. Venus has no moon.
9. It orbits around the sun in 224.7 Earth days and rotational period about its axis is 243 Days. i.e. One day on Venus is longer than is one Year.
10. Venus is moving in the opposite direction than most planets, only Uranus also does same. They both move from East to West, clockwise direction.i.e. It has retrograde rotation
11. The orbit of Venus in the Solar System is almost spherical.
12. It is hottest Planet of the Solar System. Due to huge amount of Carbon Dioxide gas. This gas is also known as Heat Trapping gas.
13. Venus Atmosphere has 96% carbon Dioxide and 3.5% Nitrogen.
14. Surface temperature of Venus is 480 °C .
15. Due to Sulfuric Acid clouds its surface is not visible.

3. Earth ( पृथ्वी)

Important Facts about the Earth

1. Earth is third nearest planet of our Solar System.
2. Distance of the Earth from the Sun is approx 15 Crore Kms. As path of earth’s orbit is elliptical so average distance is 149,597,870,Km. This distance of the Earth form the Sun is known as an Astronomical Unit ( AU) which is used to measure distances of solar system.
3. Earth’s atmosphere contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.03% carbon dioxide with very small percentages of other elements. Our atmosphere also contains water vapor.

4. Earth’s interior is divided into 03 layers- (i) The Crust, (ii) The Mantle & (iii) The Core.The inner core of the Earth is made of Nickel and Iron ( NIFE) and its temperature is 6500 °C. The mantle is a liquid metal layer .

5. Earth’s rotational period is 24 hours and orbital time period is 365 days . so we have 24 hours in a day and 365 days in a year.\

6. Our earth is tilted to 23.5 ° at its rotational axis. Due to this we have different season on the Earth.

7. We are moving with approx 30 Km/Sec or 1,11,000 Km/hour with the Earth around the Sun.

4. Moon ( चन्द्रमा)

1. The moon is the only one natural satellite of the Earth.
2. The moon is the second dense satellite after the satellite lo of the jupiter.
3. Gravity on the moon is one sixth of the gravity of the Earth. If your weight on the Earth is 90 Kg then it will be only 15 Kg on the moon.
4. Moon has no atmosphere.
5. Temperature of its brighter side is 115 °C and darker side is -170 °C.
6. Moon has nearly Five lakhs of creators .
7. We always see only one face of the Moon.Because its rotational time and orbital time is almost same i.e. 27.32 days.
8. The Moon is drifting at 3.8 cm away from the Earth every year.

5. Mars ( मंगल)

1. Mars is also known as Red Planet.
2. It’s red colour is due to presence of red oxide on its surface.
3. Mars is tilted at 25.2 ° with it’s rotational axis like the Earth.
4. It’s rotational time period is 24.6 days.
5. Diameter of Mars is 6,794 Km.
6. Gravity on mars is 60% of the Earth’s gravity.
7. Its average temperature is -65°C.
8. Its biggest Crater is Hellas Basin – 2100 Km wide and 10 Km deep.
9. It has ice caps on its both poles.
10. Mars has two satellites Fobus and Demons.

6. Asteroid  

1. Ceres is the largest asteroid in our solar system. It is about 1/4th of the size of the moon and orbits the sun between Mars and Jupiter in a region called the asteroid belt.

2. The Asteroid belt exists between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. There are four largest asteroid in this belt – Ceres, Vesta, Pallas and Hygiea Which contributes half of mass of the belt.

World Asteroid day in celebrated on 30 June

Quiz

Previous Quiz

1. Taron Ki Sair |Quiz 04/26 |Story of the Sun

2. Taron Ki Sair Quiz-03 / Evolution of Astronomy

3.. Taron ki Sair |Quiz series – 02 /26 |Stars in the Sky

4 .Taron Ki Sair|Quiz-01|Episode- 01 Incredible Universe.